Dog Diseases: Distemper in Dogs (Causes, Treatment & Prevention)

Distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that affects dogs and other animals.

It can cause a range of symptoms, from mild respiratory problems to severe neurological issues, and can even be fatal.

Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing the symptoms and helping the dog recover. The most effective means of preventing distemper in dogs is through vaccination.

1. What is Distemper?

Distemper in dogs is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV).

The virus primarily affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems, and can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild respiratory problems to severe neurological issues.

Distemper is most commonly found in unvaccinated dogs and puppies and is spread through contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, and feces.

2. Symptoms of Distemper

The symptoms of distemper can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the age and health of the dog. Common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Discharge from their eyes and nose
• Coughing and sneezing
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Dehydration
• Skin rash
• Neurological symptoms, such as seizures and paralysis

3. Causes of Distemper

The primary cause of distemper is the CDV virus, which can be transmitted through contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids.

Unvaccinated dogs and puppies are most at risk of contracting distemper.

4. How to treat?

There is no cure for distemper, and treatment aims to manage the symptoms and provide supportive care to help the dog recover.
This may include:

• Isolation
  Infected dogs should be isolated from other dogs to prevent the spread of the virus.
• Fluid therapy
  Dogs with distemper often become dehydrated due to vomiting and diarrhea, so they may need intravenous fluids to maintain hydration.
• Antibiotics
  Secondary bacterial infections are common in dogs with distemper, so antibiotics may be prescribed to treat these infections.
• Nutritional support
  Dogs with distemper may lose their appetite, so they may need to be fed a high-calorie diet or receive nutritional support through a feeding tube.
• Medications
  Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms such as coughing, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Hospitalization
  Severely affected dogs may require hospitalization for intensive care and monitoring.

5. How to prevent Distemper?

Vaccination is highly effective in preventing the disease, so make sure your dog is up-to-date on their vaccinations.

Puppies should receive vaccinations, starting at 6-8 weeks of age and continuing every 3-4 weeks until they are 16 weeks old.
Adult dogs should receive a booster vaccination annually or as recommended by their veterinarian.

Additionally, good hygiene practices, such as cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, toys, and bedding, can help prevent the spread of the virus.

Conclusion

Distemper is a serious viral disease that can affect dogs and other animals.

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent distemper, and early detection and treatment are crucial for managing the symptoms and helping the dog recover.

If you suspect your dog may have distemper, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian for guidance and advice.